In bed with the Romans: a brief history of sex in Ancient Rome.
Invention or adaptation: what did the Romans really do for us?.
In 1075, a lengthy battle for dominance between the Popes and Emperors, known as the Investiture Conflict, began. The years after Otto’s reign were a high point for the Empire – at that time the most powerful in Europe – and a low one for the papacy.Ī series of Roman Emperors took their title seriously and sought to dominate the Popes, even deposing those they didn’t approve of.īy the mid 11-th century, however, the papacy was recovering and gaining power. The Empire, having been created and reinforced by the papacy at times of trouble, enjoyed a complex and frequently difficult relationship with the bishops of Rome. 4 What relationship did these latter Roman Emperors have with the Popes?
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